Mountain

Light, lively Split-Pivot Django brings unstoppable stoke to a tangle of trail types. This capable short-travel machine shines on climbs, while bringing adept handling to gnarled, technical turf. Superboost 157 rear spacing combined with 29x2.6 tire clearance accentuate its punchy, aggressive powers on rolling terrain. Relocated adjustable geo flip chips mean less moving parts and simple on-the-fly adjustability. And threaded BBs make for easy maintenance, while molded chainstay and downtube protection helps buck rocks and loose debris. Jump on the fun-hogging Django 29 today and find your happy place — everywhere you ride.

The Marshall is a Made in Canada, made for the people, light-up the trails dual-suspension mountain bike. At its heart, the all-new 130mm travel aluminum frame delivers Split-Pivot performance and reliability with key features like Boost spacing, size-appropriate wheel sizes, a dropper post, polyurethane frame protection and a lifetime warranty—all in a more wallet-friendly package. Paired with a 140mm fork and reliable parts, the Marshall delivers no-fuss riding for no-nonsense riders.

Rolling on 29inch wheels, powered by Split-Pivot credentials, and loaded with 165mm rear and upgraded 170mm travel in the fork, the versatile Spartan brings adept handling and bottomless stoke to the downward slope. Improved suspension dynamics increase lateral stiffness for a cutting-edge climber. And its shortened carbon chainstay brings leaner, meaner Enduro muscle to the trail or track. Additional features include a 38T compatible front ring, 2.5 tire clearance and metric shock. Spartan ’19. Climb on and kill it all.

With piles of World Cup podiums under its chassis, the Wilson is a weapon to be reckoned with. This Devinci flagship DH ride carried the regretted Steve Smith to the highest title, crowned World Cup Champion in 2013. The Wilson features an advanced carbon or aluminum front triangle synergized with a rear carbon build powered by EPS molded frame tech for lighter, stiffer, stronger performance. Wilson’s asymmetrical construction improves torsional stiffness. Hard-charging carbon seat stay bolster pedal power out of the start gate and across the flats. And the ever-agile Split-Pivot suspension system, with new shock positioning that bucks mud and lowers center of gravity, makes easy work of boulder gardens and wickedly steep terrain. Wilson DH. Fierce by nature. A force by design. *Image may not show accurate specifications. Please refer to specifications below.

As a highly versatile touring bike, the Bridge Club hits the sweet spot that separates on- and off-road excursions. The simplistic design makes it fully adept to handle a full rack and pannier setup, frame bags, or any combination of the two. It doesn’t feel sluggish on paved shortcuts, but can also hold its own on dirt detours. If you’re feeling a little zesty on your next road tour, you won’t be ill-prepared for reroutes through the woods. The Bridge Club is designed to handle it all. - 100% Surly Chromoly frame, main triangle is double-butted; 1-1/8" threadless Chromoly fork - Rack, fender, and four sets of three-pack mounts - Disc brake-specific, single-position vertical rear dropout makes it less intimidating than other bikes in the category - Clearance for 700 x 47mm (with or without fenders) or 27.5 x 2.8" tires (27.5 x 2.6" with fenders)

As a highly versatile touring bike, the Bridge Club hits the sweet spot that separates on- and off-road excursions. The simplistic design makes it fully adept to handle a full rack and pannier setup, frame bags, or any combination of the two. It doesn’t feel sluggish on paved shortcuts, but can also hold its own on dirt detours. If you’re feeling a little zesty on your next road tour, you won’t be ill-prepared for reroutes through the woods. The Bridge Club is designed to handle it all. - 100% Surly Chromoly frame, main triangle is double-butted; 1-1/8" threadless Chromoly fork - Rack, fender, and four sets of three-pack mounts - Disc brake-specific, single-position vertical rear dropout makes it less intimidating than other bikes in the category - Clearance for 700 x 47mm (with or without fenders) or 27.5 x 2.8" tires (27.5 x 2.6" with fenders)

Ice Cream Truck solves the problem of having to choose between a fat bike and a trail bike. It boasts a symmetric 190mm-spaced Chromoly frame, suspension-corrected 150mm-spaced fork, and sporty trail-oriented geometry. Supported by massive 4.8-inch tires, it's ready to deftly tackle nearly any terrain. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel with 44mm headtube and internal dropper post cable routing - Frame is E.D. Coated for increased life expectancy - 1-1/8-inch straight steerer fork, Chromoly steel - 100mm threaded bottom bracket shell - Front and rear thru-axles, non-offset

The Karate Monkey features updated, progressive trail geometry, our custom trumpet tubeset, and Surly's Gnot-Boost rear dropout system. Available in a variety of colors, with multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - The tubeset uses the same trumpet tubes found on Instigator 2.0 frame - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing. Works with 142, 148 12mm thru, as well as 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Internal dropper seatpost routing with 30.9mm seat tube ID - Clearance for 29 x 2.55" or 27.5 x 3" tires

The Karate Monkey features updated, progressive trail geometry, our custom trumpet tubeset, and Surly's Gnot-Boost rear dropout system. Available in a variety of colors, with multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - The tubeset uses the same trumpet tubes found on Instigator 2.0 frame - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing. Works with 142, 148 12mm thru, as well as 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Internal dropper seatpost routing with 30.9mm seat tube ID - Clearance for 29 x 2.55" or 27.5 x 3" tires

The Karate Monkey frame features updated, progressive trail geometry, a new tubeset, and Surly’s Gnot-Boost rear dropout system to support multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations. - 100% Surly 4130 chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - Tubeset uses the same trumpet tubes found on Instigator 2.0 frame - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing works with 142 x 12, 148 x 12mm, and 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Internal dropper seatpost routing - 30.9mm seat tube ID - Clearance for 29 x 2.55 or 27.5 x 3 tires

Karate Monkey is a highly versatile trail bike that plays the part of 29er and 27.5+ equally well. Karate Monkey delivers a resilient, lively ride on all sorts of gnarly terrain. Its frame is a highly-versatile canvas for whatever dirty masterpiece your brain cooks up. According to our computing machine (Thor) it can be set up in approximately 487 different configurations. Originally designed as a 29er (and the frame that helped spark the 29" wheel movement), the latest Karate Monkey is designed to perform just as admirably as a 27.5+ rig as well. This allows you to pick your poison — provided your poison is having a really great time while permanently donning a huge grin, of course. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29" x 2.5" or 27.5" x 3" tires

The Karate Monkey features updated, progressive trail geometry, our custom trumpet tubeset, and Surly's Gnot-Boost rear dropout system. Available in a variety of colors, with multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations.

The Karate Monkey Front Suspension bike features a Rock Shox 35 Gold RL A2 suspension fork with 140mm travel, and it's paired with a dropper post out of the box. Progressive trail geometry and Surly's Gnot-Boost rear dropout system deliver a versatile bike with the ability to swap hubs and wheel sizes. If you want to round-house kick some trail right in the face, the Karate Monkey is your sled. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame, double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - The tubeset uses Surly custom trumpet tubes for greater stiffness and durability - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing. Works with 142 and 148 x 12mm thru, as well as 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Rock Shox 35 Gold RL A2 suspension fork with 140mm travel - TranzX SP15 dropper post with stealth routing: 100mm travel on XS/SM; 120mm travel on MD/LG/XL - Clearance for 27.5 x 3" or 29 x 2.55" tires

Breaking the Mold with a 29er Bike As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high volume, large diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. "Lean back, hang on, and ride that wild horse." -Thor - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29" x 3" tires

As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high-volume, large-diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension-corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29 x 3" tires

As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high-volume, large-diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension-corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29 x 3" tires

As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high-volume, large-diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension-corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29 x 3" tires

Breaking the Mold with a 29er Bike As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high volume, large diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. "Lean back, hang on, and ride that wild horse." -Thor - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29" x 3" tires

Lowside is the bike that gets you across town for a quick rip on singletrack, then over to the bar for a night out. Your BMX Bike All Grown Up Lowside is like the grownup version of the bike you rode when you were a kid and still had hopes and dreams and some semblance of ambition. It's just as happy riding singletrack as it is parked outside your favorite drinking establishment. Lowside is a single speed mountain bike. Singlespeeding has been a part of Surly's DNA since day one when we launched the 1x1 Rat Ride. After a lot of Homie Fall Fests and more feats of strength than we can recall, we decided to discontinue it a couple years back. Lowside picks up right where the 1x1 left off. "Some have dubbed the Lowside the ultimate pub cruiser." - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Spec'd in alternating years with 26 x 3" or 27.5 x 2.8" tires, the Lowside remains capable of running either option

Lowside is the bike that gets you across town for a quick rip on singletrack, then over to the bar for a night out. Your BMX Bike All Grown Up Lowside is like the grownup version of the bike you rode when you were a kid and still had hopes and dreams and some semblance of ambition. It's just as happy riding singletrack as it is parked outside your favorite drinking establishment. Lowside is a single speed mountain bike. Singlespeeding has been a part of Surly's DNA since day one when we launched the 1x1 Rat Ride. After a lot of Homie Fall Fests and more feats of strength than we can recall, we decided to discontinue it a couple years back. Lowside picks up right where the 1x1 left off. "Some have dubbed the Lowside the ultimate pub cruiser." - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Spec'd in alternating years with 26 x 3" or 27.5 x 2.8" tires, the Lowside remains capable of running either option

The Ogre can get you to your job during the week, then way out of town on the weekend. It’s not sluggish on pavement or gravel and can also hold its own on singletrack. Ogre brings several sensible features to the 29er platform, including horizontal slotted dropouts with Gnot-Boost spacing, a tweaked non-suspension corrected geometry, and a beefy tire clearance. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel, double-butted main triangle - TIG-welded, Horizontal slotted with derailleur hanger, Gnot-Boost spacing allows the use of 135mm QR hub, 142 x 12mm thru-axle or 148 x 12mm Boost hubs. Features Rohloff torque arm slot and threaded eyelets for fenders, racks and Surly trailer mounts - Full-length Surly Trip Guide housing line guides for derailleurs and brakes; two sets of bottle cage mounts; upper seatstay threaded barrels, mid- and low-blade fully threaded through-blade fork eyelets; threaded holes for racks, fenders and trailer mounting nuts; Rohloff OEM2 axle plate mounting slot - Disc brakes only. Disc mounts are 51mm IS. Note: rear disc brake is limited to 160mm maximum rotor diameter and requires the use of Surly caliper adaptor (included with frames and bikes) - Frame is E.D. coated for increased life expectancy - Tire clearance for 29 x 2.5" or 27.5 x 3"

The All-Around Fat Bike Wednesday sits in the middle of our Trail category, but don't let that fool you into thinking that's its only use. With Wednesday, we borrowed elements from some of our Trail and Touring models to create a versatile fat tire trail bike that can truly handle anything you want to attempt. If you do an equal amount of off-road touring as you do hitting trails, Wednesday's ability to play both parts equally will suit you well. Or, if you're looking for a fat bike and don't need the fattest tires on the market, Wednesday's 26 x 4.6" tire clearance is just the ticket. "Any day of the week's a great day to ride a Wednesday." - Modern mountain standards: stealth dropper post routing, 44mm headtube, suspension correction, front and rear thru-axles - Full suite of useful braze-ons: front and rear racks, multiple sets of three-pack mounts, fenders - Full-forward, short chainstay position: 26 x 3.8" tires on 80mm rims; full-rearward, longer chainstay position: 26 x 4.6" tires on an 80mm rim Specs: - Rear Dropout Configuration: Horizontal slotted with optional vertical dumpout - Rear Hub Spacing: 12 x 177mm (Surly axle included); 10 x 170mm with Surly 10/12 Adapter Washers (not included) - Front Hub Spacing: 15 x 150mm (Surly axle included) - Rear Brake: Disc - 51mm I.S. (203mm max rotor) - Front Brake: Disc - 51mm I.S. (203mm max rotor) - Head Tube: Ø44mm - Steerer Tube: Ø28.6mm (1-1/8") - Crown Race: Ø30mm (1-1/8") - Stock Headset Upper (S.H.I.S.): ZS44/28.6 - Stock Headset Lower (S.H.I.S.): EC44/30 - Front Derailleur (Clamp): High direct mount top-pull (Ø34.9mm) - Max Chainring (CL): 1x (Fat bike 170): 34T; 2x (Fat bike 170): 26/38T; 2x (Surly OD): 22/36T - Tire Clearance Frame: 26 x 4.3" (rear axle position); 26 x 3.8" (front axle position); 29 x 3.0" - Tire Clearance Fork: 26 x 5.25"; 29 x 3.0" - Rigid Fork Spec: 468 x 47mm - Max Suspension Fork Length: 511 x 51mm (Fatbike 100mm) - Bottle Mounts Frame: 2 Standard (XS - M); 3 Standard (L - XL) - Bottle Mounts Fork: 2 Three-Pack - Rack Mounts Frame: Yes (upper and lower threaded) - Rack Mounts Fork: Yes (upper, lower, and mid-blade threaded) - Fender Mounts Frame: Yes - Other Features: Internal dropper post routing compatible

Beargrease is our fat tire bike built to go faster than you knew fat tire bikes could go. The super-light frame and fork and the sure-footed rollover of 27.5 x 4.0" wheels and tires cover challenging terrain quickly. Versatile frame and fork mounts let you carry everything you need for the backcountry. Test yourself in a snowy endurance race or pack your camping gear and embark on a long-distance overnight bike trip.

Beargrease is our fat tire bike built to go faster than you knew fat tire bikes could go. The super-light frame and fork and the sure-footed rollover of 27.5 x 4.0" wheels and tires cover challenging terrain quickly. Versatile frame and fork mounts let you carry everything you need for the backcountry. Test yourself in a snowy endurance race or pack your camping gear and embark on a long-distance overnight bike trip.

Carbon performance, fat-tire confidence: that’s what Beargrease brings to every ride, from groomed-trail races in the dead of winter to summer trail bike duties. Beargrease is a highly nimble carbon fat-tire bike, thanks to its efficient frame, trail geometry, and 27.5" wheels. Bottle and cargo mounts on the frame and fork make it easier to fuel endurance rides or bikepacking journeys. Factor in the rock-solid Shimano Cues 11-speed drivetrain, and there’s nothing in your way.

Beargrease pairs a race-ready carbon frame with the capability of fat tires for the ultimate groomed-trail machine. Its trail geometry, dropper post, and 27.5" wheels grant you confidence in loose corners and descents and make for an all-season ripper. Frame and fork mounts for extra bottles and cargo make it easier to gear up for your long days out or even overnighters, and the high-performance XT/SLX drivetrain is the icing on the cake. For light-and-quick confidence on any terrain, Beargrease is one of the best carbon fat-tire bikes out there.

Beargrease pairs a race-ready carbon frame with the capability of fat tires for the ultimate groomed-trail machine. Its trail geometry, dropper post, and 27.5" wheels grant you confidence in loose corners and descents and make for an all-season ripper. Frame and fork mounts for extra bottles and cargo make it easier to gear up for your long days out or even overnighters, and the high-performance XT/SLX drivetrain is the icing on the cake. For light-and-quick confidence on any terrain, Beargrease is one of the best carbon fat-tire bikes out there.

We know you have a "dream build" list hidden away somewhere. Now’s the time to bring it to life on the Blackthorn Aluminum frame. This versatile all-mountain bike frame comes with a RockShox Super Deluxe Select + shock for 140mm of rear travel. Our tried-and-true Split Pivot suspension design offers a supple, supportive ride with incredible pedaling efficiency so you can take on a huge variety of trails. Start with the best all-mountain bike frame out there, hang your favorite components on it, and let it rip.

The Blackthorn C frame blends a stiff carbon fiber chassis with our progressive trail geometry and Split Pivot suspension design. The result is a well-balanced platform for an all-mountain bike that descends with gusto, rails through features, and makes climbing up for lap two as painless as possible. The Fox Float X Factory shock delivers 140 mm of travel to guide you through whatever the trail serves up. On-bike cargo features hold your tube, pump, and repair kit, and more on the frame to lighten up your hip pack—or allow you to ride pack-free. We made Blackthorn C the best all-mountain bike frame around. Take it and make it your dream bike.

Blackthorn C SLX stands out in the carbon all-mountain bike field for its capability and value. The progressive geometry feels planted on descents and steep climbs. A 160 mm Fox Float X Performance fork and 140 mm RockShox Lyrik Select+ RC shock with Split Pivot suspension design grants you the poise to plow through rock gardens, send drops, and hit doubles with confidence. Blackthorn brings you the benefits of pack-free riding, thanks to the integrated down tube strap, top tube mounts, and a bottle mount. Shimano's SLX 1 x 12 drivetrain and four-piston brakes are components you can rely on. We designed Blackthorn C SLX from the dirt up to lead the all-mountain category. KEY FEATURES: SPLIT PIVOT® REAR SUSPENSION SYSTEM: Split Pivot provides a host of impressive suspension characteristics because the system isolates pedaling forces and braking forces from each other, allowing us to tune and optimize the bike for both independently. The concentric rear axle pivot, in conjunction with precise wheel link, brake link, and control link placement, results in: Excellent bump compliance / Incredible pedaling efficiency / Smooth and predictable braking throughout travel / Maximum traction. SPLIT PIVOT + Split Pivot + is our suspension development philosophy that allows riders to swap suspension travel within a single chassis. PURPOSE-TUNED SUSPENSION The Blackthorn-specific control link and shock links optimize the frame geometry and kinematics for its suspension travel, delivering a well-rounded, balanced trail feel. PROGRESSIVE GEOMETRY Blackthorn is long, low, and slack, with a dash of moderation to preserve pedaling performance. A 64.6-degree head tube angle and short-offset fork feel confident when descending loose, steep trails or blasting through rock gardens. A steep 76.5-degree seat tube angle and consistent cockpit sizing makes for a comfortable pedaling position, while the moderate bottom bracket height provides stability at speed without sacrificing pedaling performance in technical sections. The long front center provides stability in extreme terrain while the short 432 mm chainstays make for nimble handling in tight situations. FLIP CHIP 2.0 Integrated into the shock link mount, Flip Chip 2.0 allows simple, quick adjustments to bottom bracket height and head tube angle to account for the rider’s personal preference, terrain, or wheel size and tire diameter. EPS CARBON MAIN TRIANGLE WITH CARBON SEATSTAYS AND ALUMINUM CHAINSTAYS EPS construction allows for greater manufacturing control, smooth surfacing, a simplified bottom bracket junction, and an integrated shock mount. Carbon fiber material offers improved stiffness, better vibration damping, excellent toughness and weight savings compared to other materials. 6066-T6 aluminum heat-treated chainstays add durability. TOP TUBE ACCESSORY MOUNTS Top tube mounts accommodate K-Edge Top Tube Mount for bike computers or the Salsa EXP Series Direct Mount Top Tube Bag. DOWN TUBE THREE-PACK MOUNTS Three-Pack mounts on down tube accommodate a large water bottle on the lower pair and a frame-mounted pump bracket on the upper pair. INTEGRATED REPAIR KIT LOCATION Located in front of the rear shock in the front triangle, we provide a dedicated place for a small repair kit, tube, or bag of gummies. No more loading up your pockets or strapping the essentials to random spots on the frame and damaging the frame finish. Carbon frames feature an integrated reinforced slot and frame protection. Aluminum frames feature a machined strap slot. The slot is sized to accommodate most 3/4"- to 1"-wide straps. A Salsa Tube Strap is included with each frame (Salsa Tube Straps are for use with tubes only) ACCOMMODATES A 26 OZ BOTTLE All Blackthorn sizes accept a standard 26 oz water bottle within the front triangle. INTERNAL SLEEVED CABLE ROUTING Internal tubes guide housing through the frame, simplifying setup and maintenance, and creating a clean bike profile. MOLDED FRAME PROTECTION Molded rubber down tube, seat tube, chainstay, and seatstay guards protect your frame from impacts and abrasion. MULLET BUILD COMPATIBILITY Mullet build compatibility lets riders run a 29" wheel in the front and a 27.5" wheel in the back with minimal impacts to geometry. CHAIN GUIDE-COMPATIBLE Blackthorn frames feature ISCG-05 mounts for chain guides (removable on carbon frames). STEALTH DROPPER POST ROUTING Compatible with 30.9mm dropper posts for true trail bike performance.